Common Business Communications Problem

Question: Examine about the Report for Common Business Communications Problem. Answer: Presentation A writing audit is a portrayal of what has been given regarding a matter by credited scholastics and commentators. Now and then it could be as an individual venture (infrequently in the structure of anannotated catalog), with the exception of all the more every now and again it is an antecedent in the foreword to a thesis, investigate articulation, or proposition, normally the underlying advance of long research assignments. In forming the abstract survey, the goal is to convey to the researcher what data and view have been set up regarding a matter, and what their solid point and shaky areas are. As a touch of composing, the artistic survey ought to be distinguished by a directing model. It isn't just a logical rundown of the substance reachable, or a lot of summaries (Soy 2015). There are many reasons why a writing audit is led. They are as per the following: Guaranteeing a far reaching comprehension of the subject Distinguishing potential regions for explore Recognizing undifferentiated from explore done inside a specific zone Recognizing understanding holes that require further investigation Looking at prior discoveries Reprimanding existing ends and suggest further research. Writing Review Business correspondence is a significant piece of any association without which nothing can be practiced. Powerful correspondence must be a focal point of each business since it assists with building and look after connections, encourages advancements, manufactures a proficient group, oversee workforce, guarantees straightforwardness and adds to the development of an organization. In any case, we know organizations and workforce may be lacking in this ability to pick up information, utilize, and use unrivaled correspondence rehearses. Business correspondence describes most organizations, resulting in viable limited time battles, dynamic relational relations between associates and thriving client support arrangements. Since clients guarantee assorted kinds of correspondences in various circumstances and environmental factors, effective business correspondence specialists perceive how to form interchanges for most extreme outcomes (Eunson 2016). Issues in business correspondence Correspondence inconveniences in business ordinarily branch from misinterpretations. These as often as possible end up in hatred and charges. Perceiving conditions brought about by correspondence issues in the workplace by and large additionally includes helping laborers settle burdens without charging others. Correspondence battles sit around, capital and effectiveness (Conrad 2014). Here is the absolute most basic business correspondence issues confronted today: Data disruption: The correct message being not imparted to the perfect individuals brings about decreased access to assets. Clueless representatives: Modes of correspondence not used appropriately winds up in the worker falling behind with respect to significant warnings. Contact miscommunication: Client, shopper or potential interchanges are not being adequately sought after, following in cover and diminished ability. Conflicting messages: Different chiefs imparting various messages, some of the time clashing, creates turmoil. Awkward messages: Employees are not getting data when and where they require it, which eases back procedures and undertakings. Muddled desires: Non-existent connection between ranking directors and other mid-level chiefs brings about no away from of objectives and goals. Indistinct future arranging: Managers don't talk about their dreams about the organization with different representatives, so there is no common course or inspiration in the association. Non-coordinated effort: Units in the association don't participate or connect to accomplish shared objectives, pushing rivalry rather than cooperation. No trust: Employees don't confide in one another, therefore don't open to one another or share data. Separation: Different units working from various areas prompts holes in correspondence (Bretag, Crossman and Bordia 2010). Reasons for issues Individuals ordinarily feel that the purpose for the issues is poor relational abilities. In any case, that isn't the situation. The real main drivers of the issues that emerge in business interchanges are as per (Guffey and Loewy 2012) are: Hazy jobs and duties: Vaguely characterized jobs or accountabilities in assignments and projects together outcome in work environment conflicts Obscure dynamic foundations and processes:Decision-production is a vital piece of any division in any business. Each worker wishes to be a piece of the procedure. Among those many is there who really don't place in anything gainful. Subsequently, unmistakably characterized forms and proper appropriation of this duty is required. Inadequately made plans of action: Diverse plans of action end up in covering of procedures, which thus brings about conflicts between various divisions and antagonistic cooperations. Inadequately laid out hierarchical structure: Many organizations plan their authoritative structure to be in the acceptable books of compelling individuals, others structure it such that makes divisions cover one another. It prompts power wars, poor responsibility and accuse games. Insufficient courses of action: Improper position of individuals as indicated by their aptitudes, inappropriate dealing with changes in activities or any undertaking bring about disdain, obstruction and correspondence issues. Demeanor and sense of self: Teamwork efficiency frequently is hampered due to a people personality and disparity. Social contrasts: People from differing foundations and social measurements cooperate. Be that as it may, every ha an inclination to communicate with just those with whom their propensities coordinate. Poor listening propensities: People block out while tuning in, considering a theme uninteresting, concentrating on the result instead of the substance, responding rashly, getting diverted or keeping away from vast points. Pecking order issues: Miscommunication between top-level administration and mid-level administration with respect to desires or vital data prompts hazy objectives and benchmarks. Insufficient information: Ineffective instruction or inadequacy in understanding prompts difficulties in efficiency. Ineffectively made correspondence: Poorly recorded assets, wrong sentence structure, horrendous language structure and outside of any relevant connection to the issue at hand subjects direct to disarray. Physical boundaries: People discuss generally with those are the nearest to them, truly. It is significant for individuals cooperating to cooperate (Sriussadaporn,R., 2006). Focal points and hindrances of business correspondence Great correspondence is imperative to running and working in a dynamic and capable work environment. When done adequately, business correspondence can manufacture an organization's notoriety, resolve and forestall clashes, and add to solid connections between your organization, its clients and the business network (Broadbent 2013). Focal points: Assemble connections: Proper correspondence forms supports cooperation between manager, workers and clients. Utilization of interchanges in special exercises helps development in attention to the companys administrations. Group inspiration: Good correspondence helps manufacture participation between individuals from a group, an office and even the administration. It additionally cultivates trust among the laborers. Fortify organizations: Effective correspondence is significant while connecting with partners or partners. Get correspondence clears out questions and helps imparting about business needs and methodologies. Helps decent variety: Effective correspondence helps evacuate obstacles of language and social contrasts. Shirking of social disarray helps in expanding profitability by prompting collaboration among staff. Worldwide business development: Good correspondence helps in worldwide business exchanges by helping the administrators connect the social and language holes, evacuating the factor of being hostile out of the condition. Staff confidence: Good correspondence among the board and representative improves worker spirit. It makes a solid workplace and fulfills the representatives about their employments. Heading: Effective correspondence gives clear vision and course to the representatives about their obligations in the association. It causes them achieve their assignments profitably (Zurawski 2014). Weaknesses: Control: When powerful correspondence is utilized to convince somebody in a manipulative manner it settles on the representatives take choices they shouldn't take. Input restriction: Managers of an association now and then utilize viable correspondence to stifle and bound feedback.This kind of correspondence pushes back the audience and causes him to choose not to approach in future with respect to anything. Confusion: Due to miscommunication issues or distinction in the points of view of the conveying parties misinterpretations of messages occurs. It prompts off base portrayal and effects profitability adversely. Suddenness influences adversely: At times business messages are imparted right away and right away. It can bring about poor confining of words with disastrous outcomes. Spatial hindrances are required now and again: Business messages these days are limited with the assistance of innovation. Be that as it may, this can prompt unexpected coordinated effort with unintended addressees. Issue in lucidity: Recipients now and again don't comprehend the message imparted to them by the sender. It prompts delay in business procedures and choices. Zero affirmation: At times no assurance can be offered regarding the gathering of the correspondence, message understanding or of the security of the correspondence content. The business correspondence is given starting with one spot then onto the next and, along these lines, there would not be any permission to nonverbal signs that help correspondence (Grant and Meadows 2013). End At the point when expectations are not evidently proclaimed, subtleties appear to be veiled or business purposes re

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Worldwide Marketing - Essay Example 63-65, 1996). However, the crucial inquiry remains and rotates around the explanation of for what reason will the organization utilize the administrations of specialists for the equivalent and why the inner ability be used for the equivalent. There are numerous reasons in such manner. Right off the bat, system building is a troublesome and excruciating activity since it requires settling on hard and avoidable decisions. Truth be told, methodology developers need to escape their customary ranges of familiarity and take choices to embrace conversations, which they would have not envisioned under typical conditions. It has been a perception (Porter, pp. 69-74, 1996) that now and again, it turns out to be amazingly hard for the organization to settle on those decisions thinking about the human and enthusiastic requirements. This likewise clarifies why numerous Chinese and Japanese organizations abstain from having clear and very much characterized techniques since the procedure of the equivalent would expect them to conflict with their way of life of cooperation, vulnerability shirking and accomplishing accord for each choice (OMahoney, pp. 64-69, 2010). Understandably, when chiefs are making the techniques, there is a high likelihood that the enthusiastic component would get into the procedure to make it increasingly one-sided. Numerous organizations effectively grow great techniques yet neglect to execute them; be that as it may, it would be a finished calamity on the off chance that the organization structures a one-sided and fair system and, at that point executes it with every single imaginable vitality (Curnow and Reuvid, pp. 79-84, 2003). Besides, throughout the years, the field of vital administration has created as far as possible. New complexities, creations, and utilization of most recent devices, ever-changing industry situation, new components and elements and others have made it much progressively complex for any nonprofessional or even a normal center supervisor to include himself during the time spent vital administration and guarantee extraordinary outcomes. The executives experts carry with themselves huge involvement with their fields of helping organizations making turnarounds and taking in any case

5 Tips to Help You Ask Family and Friends for Financial Help

5 Tips to Help You Ask Family and Friends for Financial Help 5 Tips to Help You Ask Family and Friends for Financial Help 5 Tips to Help You Ask Family and Friends for Financial HelpAsking for financial assistance from friends and family might be uncomfortable, but its a much better option than turning to a short-term no credit check loan.Most people hate asking for help and wait until they are desperate to make any direct requests for financial assistance. That’s how they end up relying on short-term bad no credit check loans that can drive them into a dangerous cycle of debt.While you don’t want to make a habit of it, asking friends and family for money during a one-off time of financial need is far preferable to the high-cost alternative.In this article, we’ll lay out some of the dangers of relying on short-term bad credit loans and also offer tips for borrowing money from friends and familyâ€"plus some longer term advice to make sure this one-off instance stays a one-off.Avoid payday loans.If you’ve ever wanted to avoid admitting your financial situation to friends and family, you’ve proba bly been tempted to borrow money from a payday lender instead.Payday loans are advertised as providing fast cash for people with bad credit, but it’s easy to rack up debt once you’ve taken out one of these risky loans.The average APR on payday cash advances is almost 400 percent, according to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. And most loans get rolled over or renewed because borrowers are rarely able to pay them back in the time allotted.Asking for help is common.While it may be difficult to ask family and friends for help, you should always consider this option before taking out a payday loan. Friends and family aren’t likely to charge you interest or fees, and they won’t demand repayment within two weeks.With their support, you can pay them back over time, while keeping up with your everyday expenses. Payday loans, on the other hand, can devastate your financial future, eating up more of your income than you can afford.Asking for help is a more common financial str ategy than you might think; more than one-quarter of survey respondents said they offered financial assistance to support the everyday expenses of a person outside their immediate household, according to research from Pew Charitable Trusts. And less than half of higher-income households viewed their financial gift as a burden.If your request is respectful and you demonstrate a repayment plan, you may find that your friend or family member will be happy to helpespecially if your only alternative is a short-term online loan or a trip to your local payday lender.1. Determine your needs. To avoid asking for more or less than you need, write out the exact amount you need and what you need it for.If you can trim your budget or put any of your income towards your own cause, show how you plan to do that, and determine the amount of assistance you’ll be asking for.2. Explain your efforts so far. If you’ve made unsuccessful attempts to help yourself already, explain what you’ve tried, a nd your friends and family will be more likely to assist you.For example, you might explain that you’ve tried to get a second job, asked for a personal loan from a bank, or applied for government assistance.3. Develop a repayment plan. You’re going to feel better about asking for help if you’re not asking for a handout.Develop a repayment plan to illustrate your intent to borrow the money for a specific period of time. Be realistic about how long you’ll need. You can even write out a written loan agreement to make certain that both parties are on the same page.Prepare a budget for your expenses and subtract that amount from your income to get a reasonable monthly payment. Even if it just ends up being a few dollars each month, you’ll know you’re on your way to financial independence.4. Give help in return. While you’re asking for financial assistance, consider offering your free time to help friends and family.If you can’t find a second job to cover your financial ne ed but you have a few hours on the weekend, offer to babysit, clean, cook, or mow the lawn for the person helping you pay your bills.You’ll feel better accepting their help if you can offer something in return.5. Be respectful. Give your friends and family time to consider your request, and leave them with notes about your current needs and your future plans to gain financial independence.Follow up the discussion with a friendly visit that’s not about finances. If you do receive help, find a way to show your gratitude.Finally, make sure to check in frequently to let them know you haven’t forgotten their gift, and you’re on your way to paying it back.Build an emergency fund.While taking out an installment loan or borrowing money from friends and family are both preferable to borrowing a payday or title loan, your best strategy is to have money saved up for unforeseen expenses. In short, your best bet is to have an emergency fund.Unlike long-term savings for retirement, an eme rgency fund should be easily accessible. This means keeping it in cash or in a savings account. When an emergency strikes, you want this money at your fingertips.Ideally, an emergency fund should cover at least three months of living expenses to protect against an unforeseen job loss. But thats a big ask, and aiming for three months right off the bat could be too imposing.Instead, aim for an easily achievable number  like $1,000. The sooner you start saving the sooner you’ll get there. Once you make saving money a top financial priority, you’ll be surprised how quickly your savings will grow.To learn more about how you can build your savings, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousHow to Separate Your “Wants” from Your “Needs”Do you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

The Sociological Imagination C Wright Mills - 1889 Words

The Sociological Imagination is an idea introduced by C Wright Mills. This imagination â€Å"enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals† (Mills 5). This is understood to mean that whoever has this ability can understand not only their own current living conditions and those of the area around them. These people can also compare these present-day conditions with the past conditions and how the area is both similar and different physically, socially and historically from how it had been. There have definitely been changes socially that are noticed by these individuals with this ability because the issue of race and gender are looked at differently now than they had been in past years. Throughout history, colored or â€Å"black† people and women have both been seen on the lower end of the spectrum beneath mainly white men but in recent years when there isn’t as much of an issue with people based on race, all men have been held above women. Even today, this is an idea that is seen almost anywhere – men have always been paid more and are considered more powerful and respected than woman of any race. The concept of tourism is an idea that is very much relatable to the social aspect of the differences between sexes and races for a long time throughout history. Whether you are a man or a woman, black or white, the experience of traveling is going to be and has been differentShow MoreRelatedThe Sociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills857 Words   |à ‚  4 PagesThe sociological imagination is simply the act of having the capacity to think ourselves away from the commonplace schedules of our day by day lives keeping in mind the end goal to take a gander at them with a new perspective. C. Wright Mills, who made the idea and composed a book about it, characterized the sociological creative ability as the clear attention to the connection amongst encounter and the more extensive society. The sociological imagination is the capacity to see things sociallyRead MoreSociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills969 Words   |  4 Pages C. Wright Mills defined sociological imagination as the awareness of the relationship between personal experience and the wider society. Understanding and being able to exercise the sociological imagination helps us understand the relationship between the individual and society. Mills focuses on the distinction between personal troubles and public issues. Having sociological imagination is critical for individual people and societies at large to understand. It is important that people areRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination : C. Wright Mills907 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual s life a person will experience what C. Wright Mills refers to as the trap. The trap alludes to a person that can only see and understand their own small scope of life. Their frame of reference is limited to their day to day life and personal experiences that are directly related to them, they cannot see the bigger picture. They do not yet know that the sociological imagination can set them free from this trap and as C. Wright Mills said, In many ways it is a terrible lesson; in manyRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills1315 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. This is its task and its promise.† C. Wright Mills writes about the sociological imagination in an attempt to h ave society become aware of the relationship between one’s personal experience in comparison to the wider society. By employing the sociological imagination into the real world, individuals are forced to perceive, from a neutral position, social structures that, inRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills986 Words   |  4 PagesMills Chapter Summary â€Å"Yet Men do not usually define the troubles they endure in terms of historical change and institution contradiction.† Stated from chapter one of â€Å"The Classic Readings in Sociology† which was based on â€Å"The Sociology Imagination† by C. Wright Mills. As our Sociology 131 class study the works of C. Wright Mills, we learn and examine his views. We learn how he view other things such as marriage, war, and the limitations of men. His view of war is that both sides playRead MoreSociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills942 Words   |  4 PagesSociological imagination according to C. Wright Mills (1959) â€Å"enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals† (p.5) Mills in this book of The Sociological Imagination explains how society shapes the people. Mills wants people to be able to use sociological imagination to see things in a sociology point of view, so they can know the difference between personal troubles versus personal issuesRead MoreSociological Imagination, By C. Wright Mills Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesI SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION CONCEPTUALIZATION As conceived by C. Wright Mills, sociological imagination is the mental ability to establish intelligible relations among social structure and personal biography that is observing and seeing the impact of society over our private lives. Sociological imagination helps an individual to understand on a much larger scale the meaning and effect of society on of one’s daily life experience. People blame themselves for their own personal problems and they themselvesRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination, By C. Wright Mills799 Words   |  4 Pages The sociological imagination, a concept used by C. Wright Mills, is essentially the ability to perceive a situation or act in a much larger social context as well as examining the situation or act from many perspectives. In particular, it plays a paramount role in Donna Gaines Teenage Wasteland. It is a tragic story of 4 teens who together, committed suicide. The teens were deemed as â€Å"dropouts, druggies† [Teenage Wasteland 8.2 ] by newspapers and were still treated with disdain even after theirRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination : C. Wright Mills1822 Words   |  8 PagesC. Wright Mills defines the sociological imagination as, â€Å"what they need, and what they feel they need, is a quality of mind that will help them to use information and to develop reason in order to achieve lucid summations of what is going on in the world and of what may be happening within themselves†. Mills also says that the sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. When I read Chapter One: The Promise from C. WrightRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination, By C. Wright Mills1692 Words   |  7 Pagesentire life, can be determined by examining his or her intellect, high school performance, and talents. However, C. Wright Mills proposes a new approach to this idea in his work, â€Å"The Promise.† Mills presents an idea known as the sociological imagination, which examines society on a larger scale to better grasp an individual’s life circumstances (Mills 2). The sociological imagination examines the role of social forces on the lives of individuals (Butler-Sweet, September 5, 2017). For example,

Feminism And The Second Wave Of Feminism - 1351 Words

Any given person can define feminism in a different way. Some view it as a women’s movement for women, by women and against men. It can also be hard to distinguish the different types of feminism when the more radical, outspoken people or organizations can overshadow the rest. In general, feminism is another way in which to view things, another lens in which to see the world. It is another platform for people to express themselves as whole individuals and become a voice for others that may otherwise remain unheard. Feminism as a whole takes a look at social constructs and gender norms and begins to deconstruct them to create an environment that is equal and accepting of all persons. In the second wave of feminism, many women began to break out of the roles as housewives and mothers and speak up for equality. Gloria Steinem is among many of the influential women who took the world by storm with their radical ideas of feminism and challenge the ideals that society had set forth for post-war women of the time. Before joining Bella Abzug and Betty Friedan in the formation of the National Women’s Politic Caucus, Gloria Steinem was taking care of her divorced, mentally ill mother in Toledo, Ohio. Steinem spent six years caring for her mother before she left for Smith College where she obtained a degree in government, a choice that was non-traditional for a woman at the time. After establishing herself as a freelance writer, Steinem worked for Show magazine until she wasShow MoreRelatedFeminism And The Second Wave Feminism1516 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica from 1960s into the 1980s which was later spread into Europe and parts of Asia. Compare to first-wave feminism in which advocates sought for women suffrage, this feminist movement, which had a broader and deeper influence, focused on dealing with issues which hindered legal sexual equality, rights to reproduce as well as family roles. This feminism movement is named the Second-wave feminism. It was pol itically powerful and influential that it obtained significant gains including the pass ofRead MoreFeminism : The Second Wave Of Feminism1222 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is feminism? Feminism is a definition to philosophy in which women and their contributions are valued. It is based on a social political and economical which is an equality for women. It’s a revolution that includes women and men who who wish the world to be equal without boundaries. The evolution of the rights of women in Australia owes much to successive waves of feminism, or the women s movement. The first of these took place in the late 19th century and was concerned largely with gainingRead MoreFeminism And The Second Wave Of Feminism1561 Words   |  7 Pagescries out.(Williams 3.165-8) To Stella, this is attractive. Williams A Streetcar Named Desire, published 1947 between the first wave of feminism and the second wave of feminism, portrays two polar opposite ideologies regarding feminism and masculin ity. Stanley represents what a man was supposed to be prior to the re-evaluation of masculinity by the first wave of feminism; men were supposed to be assertive, aggressive, and the kings of their homes. Stella, his wife, is meant to serve as an exampleRead MoreThe Second Wave Of Feminism1594 Words   |  7 PagesSeneca Falls Convention, one of the very first advocacies for women’s rights, the Second-wave feminism in the 1960s saw itself as a movement that achieved great success in terms of women’s social, economic, and political rights. The Women’s Rights Movement that began in the sixties, in comparison to the first-wave feminism in the 19th century—whereas many activists focused on only women’s suffrage—the second-wave feminism dealt with a broader range of issues. From education, the patriarchal system, sexualRead MoreThe Second Wave Of Feminism799 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay examines the question, â€Å"To what extent was the sec ond wave of feminism (in the 1960’s and 1970’s) successful in achieving equality for women?† The essay is introduced by describing why the second wave of feminism developed and the aims of this second wave of feminist. The essay is broken into two parts. The first part of the essay discusses the impact of women s rights activist on legislation. It is argued that the second wave feminist were unsuccessful in gaining equality in terms ofRead MoreThe Second Wave Of Feminism2200 Words   |  9 PagesThe Second Wave of Feminism Betty Friedan, feminist author of The Feminine Mystique, wrote, The problem lay buried, unspoken for many years in the minds of†¦women. It was a strange stirring, a sense of dissatisfaction, a yearning that women suffered in the middle of the twentieth century†¦ Each suburban housewife struggled with it alone†¦ she was afraid to even ask of herself the silent question – ‘Is this all?’† Authors such as Betty Friedan wrote about their struggles in novels and articles in theRead MoreFeminism And The Second Wave921 Words   |  4 PagesUnlike the First and the Second waves the Third wave does not have a starting point or a particular moment. The period from early 1990’s to present is often defined as the Third wave. This wave is considered as the â€Å"backlash† of the movements and achievements made in the second wave. Many issues like Webster decision in 1989, that made a way to create abortion laws and Planned Parenthood Asso ciation of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey made a law that women should get counseling before abortionRead MoreFeminism And The Second Wave1448 Words   |  6 PagesSherlock). From women’s suffrage to abortion laws feminism has evolved with contemporary battles and a variety of approaches. The â€Å"First wave† of feminism in 1920 advocated women’s suffrage, whereas the â€Å"Second wave† targets the societal issues that women in the 21st century are facing. Betty Friedan wrote The Feminists Mystique after World War II exposing female repression and later founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) which ignited the second wave of the feminist movement. Consequently, itRead MoreSecond Wave Feminism Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesSecond Wave Feminism’s Relation to Art 1. Second Wave Feminism has a direct relation to art, as the movement and its creations were directly connected to the social problems of the times. As with most modern art, artists usually turn to creating works to express their problems with society, and this is what feminists did. As the suffragist movements with First Wave Feminism were a great success, and women did have the same legal rights as men, they still interpreted society has seeing them as theRead MoreSecond- Wave Feminism Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesHistory 2112 Second-Wave Feminism Towards the end of the twentieth century, feminist women in America faced an underlying conflict to find their purpose and true meaning in life. â€Å"Is this all?† was often a question whose answer was sought after by numerous women reaching deeper into their minds and souls to find what was missing from their life. The ideal second-wave feminist was defined as a women who puts all of her time into cleaning her home, loving her husband, and caring for her children

European Business Environment Free Essays

string(90) " over 4 million km\?, with France as the largest country with a population of 62 million\." Introduction This paper discusses the validity of the statement: The European Union does not represent a true union between its members. There are six levels of economic integration: preferential trading area, free trade area, customs union, common market, economic and monetary union, and complete economic/political integration (Alva and Behar, 2008). These categorisations imply that increased trade leads to an increased economic integration and that, as nations become more intertwined economically, they will necessitate the need for some level of political integration (Alva and Behar, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on European Business Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The European Community (EC) was founded in 1957 with six member states by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community (EEC). It became the EC in 1992 under the Maastricht Treaty and is the first of the three pillars of the European Union (EU). Today, the EC is the principal component of the EU. In this paper, this term ‘the EU’ is used to refer to this union, including those periods when it was known as the European Economic Community (EEC) and then later known as the European Communities. Over the last twenty years the European financial landscape has been radically transformed, with the establishment of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) having a large role in accelerating the pace of this transformation. A significant change has been the continued process by which the European financial markets have integrated, which has been a basic component of the wider process of economic and political integration in Europe. Financial integration has been one of the items at the top of the European political agenda, with the eventual objective (set at the Lisbon European Council in March 2000) of transforming the EU into the most competitive and dynamic economy globally by 2010 (Gjersem, 2003). The extent of progress in EU financial integration is undeniable. With the introduction of the euro, several EU financial sectors have become very integrated. But this integration has not spread to all areas and is largely the outcome of monetary integration (Frangakis, 2004), suggesting t he persistence of significant gaps in the integration process (Walken and Raes, 2005). Indeed, the extent of the capital market integration between EU countries lies somewhere between the international capital markets and national ones, indicating that liberalisation is still not complete and that deep integration of financial markets is still not a reality in some aspects of the financial markets (Gjersem, 2003). Therefore, even though there is no single measuring stick that allows us to judge exactly the extent of integration, there seems to be clear indication that financial markets within the EU still have a distance to go before national demarcation lines will actually disappear and financial market integration is acceptable (Gjersem, 2003). The EU has periodically added new members expanding the number of member states several times throughout its history and promising of continuing this trend in the future. Indeed, when Romania and Bulgaria joined the Union in 2007 the EU expanded toward South-Eastern Europe and naturally other countries in this area hope to become members of the EU. Three countries currently have candidate status (Croatia, Macedonia, and Turkey) and other four countries are participating to varying degrees in the Stabilisation and Association Process (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro).[1] The EU is now a 27-member state with the biggest single market in the world. As the EU continues to enlarge, there has been discussion as to whether the EU should prioritise ‘widening,’ which would mean expanding the Union to the east, or ‘deepening,’ which means that the focus would be on greater economic and political integration building on the accomplishments of th e Maastricht Treaty (Kubicek, 2005). This paper argues that, in the early days of the EEC, internal cohesion of the member states, based on fundamental cultural, economic, ideological, and political similarities, took precedence over any pressure to enlarge. However, it might be said now that enlargement may have taken precedence over internal cohesion. In explaining the reasons for this change, this paper is organised as follows. The first main section provides an overview of the Union’s history from the EEC to the current EU. The second main section discusses the initial reasons for integration followed by the reasons for subsequent enlargement. The third main section explains the reasons for this change in focus from economic, ideological, and political integration to enlargement and discuses whether they are mutually exclusive. The paper concludes with a brief summary. Background to the EEC/EU The EEC evolved from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1958 and was established between Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and West Germany, often called the ‘Common Market.’ Under the EEC, attempts were made to achieve harmonisation and the EEC had as its ultimate objective the economic union of its member nations, eventually culminating in a political union. According to Haas (1961), the process of attaining the terminal condition of a political community among nation states is called integration. Integration is thus the process in which political actors in different nation states transfer their political activities to a new, expanded centre, whose institutions have authority over the original national states (Haas, 1961). In 1956, the United Kingdom (UK) proposed a Europe-wide free-trade area that would incorporate the Common Market, and again attempted to become a member of the EEC in 1963 and 1967, but these proposals was vetoed by France (Baldwin, 1994). Thereafter, the UK and Sweden formed in 1960 the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and other European countries that did not belong to the Common Market (see Figure 1) eventually joined. Later the EFTA and the EEC made arrangements to ensure uniformity between the two groupings and by 1995 all of the EFTA members had become members of the EU except four (see Figure 2). The EU has continued to expand. In 2004, ten additional states joined the Union, the largest expansion in its history – Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Bulgaria and Romania are the latest additions, joining the Union in 2007. Currently, the EU covers over 4 million km?, with France as the largest country with a population of 62 million. You read "European Business Environment" in category "Essay examples" And while the EU is less than half as big as the United States, its population of 491 million is more than 50% as large as the American population. Since the accession of the new member states in 2004, the EU’s GDP is now slightly larger than that of the US, with its GDP estimated in 2009 at US$14.5 trillion. Figure 3 (below) shows the relative size of the various economies making up the EU-27. The German economy is largest, with 19.4 % of EU’s GDP in 2008, followed by France (15.2%), the UK (14.1%), Italy (12.3%), and Spain (8.5%). Figure 3: Percentage of GDP accounted for by each country in the EU The Rationale for Integration According to Leonard (2005), France’s foreign minister, Aristide Briand, was the first leading politician to suggest a European Union and this took place at the end of the 1920s. However, real European integration was driven by (1) geopolitical factors affecting Europe after the second World War, (2) unrelenting pressure from the USA during the Cold War, and then (3) European policymakers’ mercantilistic aspirations in the 1960s and 1980s (Evenett, 2004). According to Baldwin (2003, p. 6), â€Å"[t]he key question in the mid-1940s was, ‘How can Europe avoid another war?’† As a solution, the Europeans chose to â€Å"eliminate destructive nationalism by binding European nation-states into an economic and political union† (Baldwin, 2003, p. 6). This is exemplified by the Schuman Declaration (9th May, 1950): The coming together of the nations of Europe requires the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany†¦ The solidarity in production thus established will make it plain that any war between France and Germany becomes not merely unthinkable, but materially impossible†¦ European integration was thus the foundation of the post-WWII architecture in Western Europe. Thus, in the first instance, Europe’s motives were peace and stability and, secondly, a safeguard against communist Russia. According to Baldwin (2003, p. 7), †¦it is clear that EFTA and the EU especially have indeed promoted peace and understanding in Europe. With their economies so thoroughly entwined, a war among Western European nations has been unthinkable for decades. In Bilefsky (2006), Jules Deelders, described as one of the Netherland’s leading poets, argues that a shared attitude and culture are important. And it apparent that the initial formation of the EEC (and the EFTA and then the EU) was done among nation-states that were very well aligned in cultural, economic, ideological, and political terms. The initial grouping, the Six, were close geographically, as well as economically, ideologically, and politically and this was very important and was the main reason that the UK’s petition to join this group was rebuffed twice, since it was not very close to these nations in the terms that they (particularly France) thought was important. However, the EEC eventually took other Western, and eventually Eastern, European nation-states onboard and, according to Baldwin et al. (1997, p. 128), â€Å"Eastern enlargement of the EU is a central pillar in Europe’s post-Cold War architecture.† It is key to understand that each enlargement is different from earlier enlargements and the last enlargement of the EU into Eastern Europe is an unprecedented case. These countries were qualitatively different from the previous member states, with primary mention being generally made of the economic differences – the most recent member countries are much poorer than the previous member countries (Kubicek, 2005; Lejour et al., 2007). Additionally, these countries are politically and ideologically different, being mostly former Soviet States or otherwise proponents of Socialism/Communism, unlike the democracies of Western Europe. A number of other countries are seeking to join the EU, including Albania, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey, and Ukraine and some argue that these countries are even further from being ‘European’ (Choudhury and Naidu, 2009). For example, Kubicek (2005) argues that â€Å"[m]any of Turkey’s supposed shortcomings are well-known: it is too big, too poor, too agricultural, too authoritarian, and, perhaps above all, too Muslim† (p. 1). Kubicek (2005, p. 1-2) further notes that â€Å"Turkish membership, unlike membership for the Poles, Czechs, Latvians, etc., will compel Europeans to ask a fundamental question: what is Europe?† Overall, Turkey’s entry into the EU would transform the Union in fundamental ways (Kubicek, 2005, p. 2): geographically – â€Å"its inclusion in the EU would mean that the EU would now border Iran [and] Syria;† culturally – â€Å"expansion to Turkey would be the first time the EU would cr oss the traditional border of ‘Christendom;’† and politically – â€Å"what does inclusion of Turkey say about Europe’s identity and values and how would Turkish membership jive with the goal of fostering an ‘ever closer union?’† The Rationale for Enlargement There are four explanations put forward for European enlargement (Evernson, 2004). The first is called ‘technocratic entrepreneurship.’ Moravcsik (1998, p. 4) explains this explanation thus: [2] [European] integration has been driven primarily†¦by a technocratic process that reflects the imperatives of modern economic planning, the unintended consequences of previous decisions, and the entrepreneurship of disinterested supranational experts. The second explanation is put forward by many proponents supporting EU expansion – trade expansion. Additionally, the rapid rates of growth achieved by the member countries of the EEC and EFTA in the 1960s created a belief that economic integration is a key factor in terms of the level and growth of economic activity (Brada and Mendez, 1988). Almost from its start as the EEC, the EU has led to the hope, if not the expectation, that it would lead to dynamic gains from trade, possibly including a sustained rise in the growth rates of the member states (Dearoff and Stern, 2002). Overall, Moravcsik (1998) argues that the leading (Western) states have for fifty years behaved logically in using the EU to promote their economic interests. However, according to Baldwin et al. (1997, p. 128) intra-regional and extra-regional â€Å"geopolitical considerations constitute the engine driving enlargement.† For example, the 2004 expansion of the EU assures good neighbourly relations a nd security in a region that has been a source of volatility and an area of constant aggression for a long time the past and this type external stability is decisive in states such that Slovakia that have many internal issues (Abraham, 2003). The third explanation is the most developed economic theory as to why regional agreements enlarge over time and that is the explanation called ‘domino regionalism,’ which was originally presented by Baldwin (1994, 2003). Baldwin (1994, 2003) argues that the achievement of the Single Market programme of reforms in Europe, supported by the fall of the Soviet Union, was the trigger for negotiations about enlargement with the outstanding members of the EFTA agreement and the previously communist states of Eastern Europe. Overall, the latest entrants to the EU expect increased political stability and the Union expects enlargement to contribute to a more stable Europe. Plus, regional integration may stimulate growth in the region as the foundation of the EEC and the former enlargements have proven. According to Baldwin et al. (1997, p. 125) â€Å"[t]he bottom line is unambiguous and strongly positive: enlargement is a very good deal for both the EU incumbents and the new memb ers.† Discussion The initial rationale for European integration is still the rationale for current expansion: geopolitical and economic considerations – in general, a move towards a political community and complete economic integration. However, while in the beginning, internal cohesion took precedence over the pressure to enlarge (as evidenced by earlier rebuffs to interested countries); this is no longer the case. After the recent addition of 12 countries to the Union, many Europeans are protesting that the EU is growing too far and too fast. And at a time when people seem to be increasingly dubious about European identity, the EU may be suffering from ‘enlargement fatigue’ (Kubicek, 2005, p. 1). Indeed, the enlargement has become a priority for the Union for several reasons, three of which are highlighted here. First, as mentioned several times, European stability has been a driving factor for integration and with the recent upheavals in Eastern Europe, their integration into the rest of Europe seems the only way forward in terms of European stability. The majority of Europeans seem to have embraced the EU’s growth eastward in 2004 for a range of reasons, but maybe primarily reasons because it reinforced the idea of the fall of the Soviet communist regime. The EU commissioner in charge of expansion, Olli Rehn, is quoted by Bilefsky (2006) as saying â€Å"It would be utterly irresponsible to wobble in our commitments and disrupt a valuable process which is helping to build stable and effective partners in the most unstable parts of Europe.† Second, as previously outlined, regional economic integration is hard for individual countries to resist because countries find that they have to react to increasing liberalisation by becoming a member of the existing group or by creating a counterbalancing group (Baldwin, 2003). The third reason is related to the second and has to do with the stability of multiple arrangements within a single area. That is, it is not likely that each country in Europe will be able to choose its own type of regionalism. Therefore, it is most likely that, ultimately, ‘gravitational forces’ will draw all of the main countries in the region into a single agreement (Baldwin, 2003). However, this does not mean that everything will go as planned. For example, member-states’ implementation of the EU directives to implement the EU financial services regulatory framework has tended to take a long time and it was argued that â€Å"the harmonisation of regulation, while substantial on paper , was not as effective in practice† (Danthine et al., 1999, p. 45). More significantly, several legislative areas ended unresolved in political deadlock (Hertig and Lee, 2003). Therefore, even though internationalisation, disintermediation, and globalisation of financial services continued, financial markets in the EU remained very much fragmented at the end of the 20th century (Frangakis, 2004). Has enlargement taken precedence over internal cohesionThis is an important question if we think that a ‘true union’ between EU members rests on cohesiveness. Kubicek (2005) argues that such a question assumes that cohesion and enlargement are mutually exclusive. European integration was meant to be â€Å"open to all countries willing to take part† (Schuman Declaration, 9th May, 1950) and Kubicek (2005, p. 1) is firm in his belief that the EU has done both. In addition to the addition of 12 new members, the EU †¦adopted a draft European Constitution, which promises to forge a tighter political union among its members as well as a stronger European identity. Geographically, politically, and culturally, one can thus speak of a ‘New Europe,’ one with a broader mission that covers over twice the number of countries that originally signed the Maastricht Treaty just over a decade ago. Conclusion What is now known as the EU came from integration efforts that start in the 1950s with the hopes of great economic and politic benefits being gained by those involved (Haas, 1961). This was initially shared among countries that were very similar culturally, ideologically, politically, and economically. But The EU, however, looks nothing like the EEC and contains many diverse countries. And thus the EU’s goal is now to â€Å"form an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe† (Baldwin, 2003, p. 7). According to Baldwin (2003, p.7), â€Å"the intensity of regional trade has produced a continuous exchange of ideas and exposure to cultures †¦ has fostered mutual understanding.† It can be concluded that, for economic and geopolitical reasons, enlargement is now a priority and may have even taken precedence over internal cohesion of the member states, based on fundamental economic, ideological, and political similarities. It may thus be concluded that the EU do es not represent a true union between its members. However, ‘widening’ and ‘deepening’ are not mutually exclusive and seem to be necessary to really strengthen the EU as an economic and political power. Word count: 2997 words References Abraham, S. (2003). The EU expansion: Hopes and worries. Eurozine, 28 November. Available at http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2003-11-28-abraham-en.html [accessed 24 January 2011]. Aitken, N. (1973). The effect of the EEC and EFTA on European trade: A temporal cross-section analysis. The American Economic Review, 63, (5): 881-92. Alva, M. and Behar, A. (2008). Factors that contribute to (or detract from) successful outcomes in African Regional Agreements. Background paper, World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2009/Resources/4231006-1204741572978/alvabehar.pdf [accessed 28 January 2011]. Baldwin, R. (1994.) A domino theory of regionalism. Mimeo. November. Available at http://heiwww.unige.ch/~baldwin/AcademicPapers/AcademicPaper Files/dom_old.pdf [accessed 24 January 2011]. Baldwin, R. (2003). East Asian regionalism: A comparison with Europe. Presentation to the Japanese Ministry of Finance’s Study Group on China. February. Available at http://www.mof.go.jp/jouhou/soken/kouryu/h14/ chu14_05f.pdf [accessed 24 January 2011]. Baldwin, R., Francois, J., and Portes, R. (1997). The costs and benefits of eastern enlargement: The impact on the EU and Central Europe. Economic Policy, 12 (24): 125-76. Bilefsky, D. (2006). For many, EU ‘is big enough.’ International Herald Tribune, May 10. Brada, J. C., and Mendez, J. A. (1988). An estimate of the dynamic effects of economic integration. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 70, (1): 163-68. Choudhury, A. and Naidu, G. (2009). Turkey’s economic integration with the EU: An evaluation of current status and future prognosis. Journal of International Business Research, 8 (1): 29-44. Danthine, J., Giavazzi, G., Vives, X., and Von Thadden, E. (1999). The future of European banking. Monitoring European Integration 9, CEPR. Deardorff, A. and Stern, R. (2002). EU expansion and EU growth. Discussion Paper No. 487, University of Michigan October 29. Available at http://www.spp.umich.edu/rsie/workingpapers/wp.html [accessed 24 January 2011]. Evenett, S. J. (2004). The sequencing of regional integration. Available at www.evenett.com [accessed 26 January 2011]. Frangakis, M. (2004). Financial integration policy in the EU: Perspectives and challenges. EPOC Conference on â€Å"A New All-European Development Model in an Enlarged EU Social and Economic Aspects,† Poznan, 7-9 May. Available at http://www.epoc.uni-bremen.de/publications/pup2004/files/Poznan_Frangakis_ Abstract.PDF [accessed 24 January 2011]. Gjersem, C. (2003). Financial market integration in the euro area. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economics Department Working Paper no. 368. Available at http://www.oecd.org/eco [accessed 24 January 2011]. Haas, E. (1961). International integration: The European and the universal process. International Organisation, 15 (3): 366-92. Hertig, G. and Lee, R. (2003). Four predictions about the future of EU securities regulation. Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 3 (2): 359-77. Kubicek, P. (2005). Turkish accession to the European Union: Challenges and opportunities for the ‘New Europe.’ Prepared for Workshop, ‘The New Europe II,’ Centre for European Studies, University of Florida, in Paris, France, February. Available at http://www.ces.ufl.edu/files/pdf/outreach/symposia_conferences/ TurkishAccessionToTheEU_021805.pdf [accessed 24 January 2011]. Lejour, A., Mervar, A., and Verweij, G. (2007). The economic effects of Croatia’s accession to the EU. EIZ Working Papers No. 0705, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb. Leonard, D. (2005). The Economist Guide to the European Union: Definitive Guide to All Aspects of the EU. London: Economists Books. McCauley, R. and White, W. (1997). The euro and European financial markets. Bank for International Settlements Working Paper no. 41. Available at http://www.bis.org [accessed 28 January 2011]. Moravcsik, A. (1998). The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Schuman Declaration, The. 9 May 1950. Available at http://www.library.pitt.edu/ subject_guides/westeuropean/wwwes/teu.mspr-fr-sd.html [accessed 28 January 2011]. Tumpel-Gugerell, G. (2006). Concluding remarks: Financial integration and stability in Europe. Speech by Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank Conference on â€Å"Financial Integration and Stability in Europe† organised by the Banco de Espana, the Centre for Financial Studies and the European Central Bank Madrid, 1 December. Available at http://www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2006/html/ sp061201.en.html [accessed 28 January 2011]. Walkner, C. and Raes, J-P. (2005). Integration and consolidation in EU banking: An unfinished business. European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, Economic Paper no. 226. Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/ economy_finance [accessed 28 January 2011]. [1] This is a legal framework for the relations between the EU and potential members in the period before possible accession (Lejour et al., 2007). [2] This is not the explanation that Moravcsik (1998) proposes; he argues that integration was spurred by the core economic interests of Britain, France, and Germany. How to cite European Business Environment, Essay examples

The effect o temperature on a Reaction time free essay sample

Abstract: This project looks at how the temperature of an experiment can affect its reaction time. The purpose of this experiment is to determine if dissolving reactions are affected by waters temperature. I believe that if the H2O temperature increases, then the Alka-Seltzer tablet will dissolve faster because the hot water molecules will move faster colliding with the tablet particles. Water will be the independent variable due to the fact is will always stay in its same form throughout the experiment. The Manipulated variable will also be the water, since I will be changing its temperature. The Responding the variable will be the timing of how fast or slow the Alka-Seltzer tablet dissolves. And the control is the glass of water that is set at cold tap water. The project will involve the testing of three different water temperatures. One at hot tap water, one at cold tap water, and ice water. We will write a custom essay sample on The effect o temperature on a Reaction time or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1 cup of water at each temperature will be poured into the same glass, and have its temperature recorded. After doing so each water temperature will go through five trials with one Alka-Seltzer tablet being dropped into the glass each time, recording how long it takes for the tablet to dissolve. After testing my hypothesis, my results were proven right. When comparing how the Alka-Seltzer tablet dissolved in the hot temperature water and how it dissolved in the cold temperature water. It showed that the hotter the temperature of the H2O was the faster the Alka-Seltzer tablet dissolved. Materials and Equipment: Alka-Seltzer tablets (at least 12; if you plan to do additional variations to the project, you will want to get a larger box) Thermometer with a range of at least 0Â °C to 60Â °C Clear drinking glass or jar (12 ounce [355 mL] or larger) Graduated cylinder, 100 mL. A 100 mL graduated cylinder Masking tape Something to stir with, such as a spoon or a chopstick Hot and cold tap water Ice Stopwatch or a clock or watch with a second hand A helper Lab notebook Pencil Procedures: 1. Prepare a drinking glass that is marked at the 250 ml point. This glass will used for multiple trials, so it is convenient to mark the desired water level. a. Add 250 mL or 1 cup of water to the drinking glass b. Use a piece of masking tape on the outside of the glass to mark the water level, placing it with its top edge, even with the water level in the glass. c. Warning: Do not fill the glass completely full because the bicarbonate reaction will produce bubbles that could splash out. 2. Fill the drinking glass with the same volume of water at three different temperatures: Hot tap water, cold tap water, and ice water. a. For the hot and cold tap water, run the water until temperature stabilizes. Fill glass with water to the level of the masking tape. b. For ice water, fill the glass with about half full with ice cubes, then add cold tap water to a bit above the level of the masking tape. Stir for a minute or two so that the temperature is stabilized. Once stabilized, remove ice cubes from water’s surface using a spoon immediately before adding the Alka-Seltzer tablets. Also pour any extra water so that the water is up to level with masking tape. 3. Prepare the drinking glass with one of the three temperatures as described in step 2. Then measure the reaction time for that temperature. a. After filling the glass up to masking tape, measure the temperature and record data. Then remove thermometer. b. Once finished with that, get prepared with the stop watch and the Alka-Seltzer tablet. Once starting the stop watch, the Alka-Seltzer tablet should be dropped in the water. c. Bubbles of CO2 will begin to stream out from the tablet. d. Stir the water gently and steadily. Use the same stirring method and speed used for all experimental trials. The tablet will begin to disintegrate. e. Once the Alka-Seltzer tablet is completely dissolved in the water, stop the stop watch and record data. 4. Repeat step 3, five more time with the same temperature 5. Repeat step 3 and 4 for each of the other temperatures. 6. Calculate the average reaction time, in seconds versus water temperature in degrees Celsius 7. Explain Results Data: Condition Temperature Reaction Time (s) Average Reaction Time (s) Trial #1 Trial #2 Trial #3 Trial #4 Trial #5 Hot Tap Water 38.0 Â °c 22.85 s 22.3 s 21.11s 22.48 s 23.25 s 22.4 s Cold Tap Water 19.2 Â °c 45.46 s 42.31 s 43.32 s 53.57 s 51.05 s 47.1 s Ice Water 9.8 Â °c 81.98 s 82.93 s 85. 68 s 101.89 s 92.84 s 89.1 s Analysis and Discussion: Through the process of this experiment, it has shown that the hotter the temperature of the water is the faster the Alka-Seltzer tablet begins to dissolve in the water. Proving that temperature does have an effect on the reaction time of an experiment. As shown in the data above, The Alka-Seltzer tablet’s rate at dissolving increased as the water temperature began to become colder and decreased as the water temperature became hotter. This theory is based off of the Kinetic Theory of Matter, which states that atoms and molecules are in constant motion and that the higher the temperature around them, the greater their speed will be. Or in other words, increased heat energy will make atoms and molecules move faster. Conclusion: My hypothesis was that the more heated the water was, the faster the Alka-Seltzer tablet will dissolve, and after testing this. My results do support my hypothesis. I learned that hot water does cause particles to dissolve faster due to kinetic energy cause by the hot water molecules colliding with the tablet particles. Proving that the more heated the water is, the faster the Alka-Seltzer tablet will dissolve.

Alkoxide Definition in Chemistry

Alkoxide Definition in Chemistry An alkoxide is an organic functional group formed when a hydrogen atom is removed from an hydroxyl group of an alcohol when reacted with a metal. It is the conjugate base of an alcohol. Alkoxides have the formula RO- where R is the organic substituent from the alcohol. Alkoxides are strong bases and good ligands (when R is relatively small). Generally, alkoxides are unstable in protic solvents, but they do occur as reaction intermediates. Transition metal alkoxides are used as catalysts and to prepare coatings. Key Takeaways: Alkoxide An alkoxide is the conjugate base of an acid.In a chemical reaction, an alkoxide is written as RO-, where R is the organic group.An alkoxide is a type of strong base. Example Sodium reacting with methanol (CH3OH) reacts to form the alkoxide sodium methoxide (CH3NaO). Preparation There are several reactions with alcohol that produce alkoxides. They may be made by reacting an alcohol with a reducing metal (e.g., any of the alkali metals), by reaction with an electrophilic chloride (e.g., titanium tetrachloride), using electrochemistry, or via a metathesis reaction between a sodium alkoxide and a metal chloride. Alkoxide Key Takeaways An alkoxide is the conjugate base of an acid.In a chemical reaction, an alkoxide is written as RO-, where R is the organic group.An alkoxide is a type of strong base. Sources Boyd, Robert Neilson; Morrison, Robert Thornton (1992). Organic Chemistry (6th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. pp. 241–242. ISBN 9780136436690.Bradley, Don C.; Mehrotra, Ram C.; Rothwell, Ian P.; Singh, A. (2001). Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives of Metals. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-048832-5.Turova, Nataliya Y.; Turevskaya, Evgeniya P.; Kessler, Vadim G.; Yanovskaya, Maria I. (2002). The Chemistry of Metal Alkoxides. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 9780792375210.Williamson, Alexander (1850). Theory of Ætherification. Phil. Mag. 37 (251): 350–356. doi:10.1080/14786445008646627

Sand - Terminology, Composition, Shape, and More

Sand - Terminology, Composition, Shape, and More Sand is everywhere; in fact sand is the very symbol of ubiquity. Lets learn a little more about sand. Sand Terminology Technically, sand is merely a size category. Sand is particulate matter thats larger than silt and smaller than gravel. Different specialists set different limits for sand: Engineers call sand anything between 0.074 and 2 millimeter, or between a U.S. standard #200 sieve and a #10 sieve.Soil scientists classify grains between 0.05 and 2 mm as sand, or between sieves #270 and #10.Sedimentologists put sand between 0.062 mm (1/16 mm) and 2 mm on the Wentworth scale, or 4 to –1 units on the phi scale, or between seives #230 and #10. In some other nations a metric definition is used instead, between 0.1 and 1 mm. In the field, unless you carry a comparator with you to check against a printed grid, sand is anything big enough to feel between the fingers and smaller than a matchhead. From a geological viewpoint, sand is anything small enough to be carried by the wind but big enough that it doesnt stay in the air, roughly 0.06 to 1.5 millimeters. It indicates a vigorous environment. Sand Composition and Shape Most sand is made of quartz or its microcrystalline cousin chalcedony, because that common mineral is resistant to weathering. The farther from its source rock a sand is, the closer it is to pure quartz. But many dirty sands contain feldspar grains, tiny bits of rock (lithics), or dark minerals like ilmenite and magnetite. In a few places, black basalt lava breaks down into black sand, which is almost pure lithics. In even fewer places, green olivine is concentrated to form green sand beaches. The famous White Sands of New Mexico are made of gypsum, eroded from large deposits in the area. And the white sands of many tropical islands are a calcite sand formed from coral fragments or from tiny skeletons of planktonic sea life. The look of a sand grain under the magnifier can tell you something about it. Sharp, clear sand grains are freshly broken and have not been carried far from their rock source. Rounded, frosted grains have been scrubbed long and gently, or perhaps recycled from older sandstones. All of these attributes are the delight of sand collectors around the world. Easy to collect and display (a little glass vial is all you need) and easy to trade with others, sand makes a great hobby. Sand Landforms Another thing that matters to geologists is what the sand makes- dunes, sandbars, beaches. Dunes are found on Mars and Venus as well as Earth. Wind builds them and sweeps them across the landscape, moving a meter or two per year. They are eolian landforms, formed by air movement. Have a look at a desert dune field. Beaches and riverbeds are not always sandy, but those that are have a variety of different landforms built of sand: bars and spits and ripples. My favorite of these is the tombolo. Sand Sounds Sand also makes music. I dont mean the squeaking that beach sand sometimes does when you walk on it, but the humming, booming or roaring sounds that large desert dunes produce when sand tumbles down their sides. Sounding sand, as the geologist calls it, accounts for some eerie legends of the deep desert. The loudest singing dunes are in western China at Mingshashan, although there are American sites like the Kelso Dunes in the Mojave Desert, where I have made a dune sing. You can hear sound files of singing sand at Caltechs Booming Sand Dunes research group site. Scientists from this group claim to have solved the mystery in an August 2007 paper in Geophysical Review Letters. But surely they have not explained away its wonder. The Beauty and Sport of Sand Thats enough about the geology of sand, because the more I poke around the Web the more I feel like getting out to the desert, or the river, or the beach. Geo-photographers love dunes. But there are other ways to love dunes besides looking at them. Sandboarders are a hardy bunch of people who treat dunes like big waves. I cant imagine this sport growing into a big-money thing like skiing- for one thing, the lift lines would have to be moved every year- but it does have its own journal, Sandboard Magazine. And when youve perused a few articles, you may come to give sandboarders more respect than the sand miners, offroaders and 4WD drivers who threaten their beloved dunes. And how could I ignore the simple, universal joy of just playing with sand? Kids do it by nature, and a few continue to be sand sculptors after they grow up, like the Earth artist Jim Denevan. Another group of pros on the world circuit of sand-castle contests build the palaces shown at Sand World. The village of Nima, Japan, may be the place that takes sand the most seriously. It hosts a Sand Museum. Among other things there is, not an hourglass, but a yearglass . . . The townspeople gather on New Years Eve and turn it over. PS: The next grade of sediment, in terms of fineness, is silt. Deposits of silt have their own special name: loess. See the Sediment and Soil list for more links about the subject.

The Political, Social and Economic Impact of WWI on European Society Essay

The Political, Social and Economic Impact of WWI on European Society - Essay Example This essay declares that socialism emerged as a significant force, which was a result of the Russian revolutions. The society of each warring European nation altered; for instance, in Britain the class system changed as the lower class consciousness, progressed; in France a whole generation of men demised, in Eastern Europe populations were again growing up as young nations popped up on the political map, while Germany survived by forming a non-imperial recognition. This report stresses that WWI, which is also referred to as one of the bloodiest battles of the century, had immense impacts throughout Europe. From the political perspective, the war left an evident scene of how it affected the main powers of Europe. For nations, such as Britain and France, the regime change was unessential, while in Germany there was a crucial change with far reaching consequences, whereas in Russia, the impact was drastic as well, resulting in two revolutions. Therefore, the war left a chain of political effects which were both direct and indirect. For instance, WWI pushed forward the idea of unity rallied behind people’s governments enhanced by the patriotism feeling. In the 1914 in France, during the formation of the Union Sacre, it was clear that the socialist ideas were put down so as to favor the nationalistic tendencies. Correspondingly, in Germany such a tendency was witnessed when Burgfrieden’ pursued contamination of socialism during that pe riod. The same enthusiasm, to certain extent, was also noted in Russia. Furthermore, according to Mazzini3, the French republicans understood the internal question in 1848 when they decided to abandon the European initiative, set aside their aspirations of Lamartine Manifesto and pursued strengthening of organizations of labor. The question of nationality entailed understanding the alliances of people, the power balance which was anchored on novel foundations. The changes in political aspects that were impacted on by the WWI were reflected mostly through the collapse of the European empires and monarchies. As the Ottoman Empire and the Austria-Hungary totally diminished, the WWI also led to the destruction of the Russian and German monarchies as they were transformed into republics. Furthermore, this was integral in the promotion of nationalism across and outside Europe resulting into the demand for independence among colonies of European nations. Additionally, a lot changed on the social front as men had mostly participated in the war while women were left in charge of their nations’ establishments and businesses. Women were initially considered as homemakers, whose core duty was to serve their families, but the

Module project part 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Module project part 1 - Assignment Example This is because depending on the type of business that an investor wants to introduce to a particular emerging market, there may be peculiar risks and challenges that must be taken care of to ensure guaranteed success and growth. Apart from the nature of business, the vision that the investor carries is also very important in determining risk because each vision may have its own challenges that it must seek to overcome in order to achieve success. In line with this understanding, this module paper is prepared for the company, which is currently seeking to enter Mexico as an emerging market. As part of ways of benefiting fully from the market, a comprehensive vision statement, description of the target market and risk and their mitigations shall be outlined. Vision Statement The vision statement of the company is to become a company whose success is build on an enablement created for the customer to do business with us by ensuring quality and price competitiveness. Description of Mexi co as an Emerging Market Political Factors Politically, Mexico has been found to possess very low foreign debt, which makes it possible for the government to have a very huge budget reserve that is used in the financing of various businesses, especially foreign direct investment (Rutherford, 2005). Due to this, the government has for long practiced macroeconomic policies that focus on bringing about industry wide economic leverage, instead of organizational level leverage. As part of such macroeconomic policies, investors in Mexico benefit from lower tax rates, easy access to government assisted loans, low inflation, and sufficient state protection for legally registered businesses. These political factors have made most multinational companies whose focus has been on short term expansion to look to Mexico, knowing that the political ground has been laid for business to take place in a more welcoming atmosphere (Morris and Pavett, 2002). Economic Factors Economically, Mexico has bee n given a country rating of A4 by global Edge, which is a company rating firm that seeks to compare countries one to other in terms of viability in doing business in these countries (Davidson and Burke, 2004). A major economic advantage that Mexico has been identified to have is the fact that it has a ready market with the United States, which is responsible for 80% of all exports from Mexico (Schuler, 2006). For business owners who are in the manufacturing sector like the company in question, the benefit is that exportation of finished products will not pose much of a problem for the company. Mexico has however been criticized for having a weaker exchange rate, that makes importation expensive in that country. Acquisition of raw material has therefore being a problem for most manufacturers (Hall, 2006). Social Factors Socially, Mexico’s population has been described as commercially informed (Rutherford, 2005). What this means is that the population understands the basic rudi ments in conducting business and get themselves actively involved in the business market. The major factor that accounts for this is the high literacy level in the country with the aim of the government in achieving 100% enrolment with a universal compulsory education scheme. Because most of the people are

Discuss the use of imagery in the three metaphysical poems we have :: English Literature

Discuss the use of imagery in the three metaphysical poems we have studied as a class. In the three metaphysical poems The Flea, To His Coy Mistress and A Valediction Forbidding Mourning; all have used unusual objects in their imagery, these objects are not usually associated with the subject matter so they get the poets point across in a bizarre style. All of the poems have similar themes and are all trying to persuade the women in them to co-operate with their needs in one way or another. All the poems deal with love, which is where the metaphysical aspect of the poem is portrayed. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles, in particular Ontology ('being') and Epistemology ('knowing'), and that is concerned with the ultimate nature of reality. Metaphysical poets were a group of early 17th Century English Poets whose wok is characterised by ingenious, highly intricate wordplay and unlikely or paradoxical imagery. They use rhetorical and literary devices, such as paradox, hyperbole and elaborately developed conceits, in such a way as to engage the reader by their sheer outrageousness. In A Valediction Forbidding Mourning, a compass is used as the imagery. The poet is saying that he is at one point of the compass and she, his lover, is at the other and no matter how far he moves away they are still joined together. But when the lovers are together the points of the compass come together and the compass grows erect, this closed compass is an image of his erect penis. This image that the poet uses is to say to her that she need not worry because she is the only woman for him. At the top point of the image of the compass joining the man and woman together there is also a hidden picture of an eagle, "Like gold to ayery thinnesse beate." The 'ayery' in the quote is shaped to be seen as the word aviary which gives the idea of birds. When the illustration of 'gold' is mentioned before this, the two visual representations are combined to create an image of a golden eagle. The golden eagle is seen as a symbolic figure of strength and importance and within this text the poet is saying that the eagle is watching over them and protecting their love. The poem also brings up the subject of "Moving of th'earth brings harmes and feares," this is when the world was debating as to whether the earth was the centre of the universe. This caused a huge uproar in society because it shook peoples' beliefs. It is a sexual image and Discuss the use of imagery in the three metaphysical poems we have :: English Literature Discuss the use of imagery in the three metaphysical poems we have studied as a class. In the three metaphysical poems The Flea, To His Coy Mistress and A Valediction Forbidding Mourning; all have used unusual objects in their imagery, these objects are not usually associated with the subject matter so they get the poets point across in a bizarre style. All of the poems have similar themes and are all trying to persuade the women in them to co-operate with their needs in one way or another. All the poems deal with love, which is where the metaphysical aspect of the poem is portrayed. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles, in particular Ontology ('being') and Epistemology ('knowing'), and that is concerned with the ultimate nature of reality. Metaphysical poets were a group of early 17th Century English Poets whose wok is characterised by ingenious, highly intricate wordplay and unlikely or paradoxical imagery. They use rhetorical and literary devices, such as paradox, hyperbole and elaborately developed conceits, in such a way as to engage the reader by their sheer outrageousness. In A Valediction Forbidding Mourning, a compass is used as the imagery. The poet is saying that he is at one point of the compass and she, his lover, is at the other and no matter how far he moves away they are still joined together. But when the lovers are together the points of the compass come together and the compass grows erect, this closed compass is an image of his erect penis. This image that the poet uses is to say to her that she need not worry because she is the only woman for him. At the top point of the image of the compass joining the man and woman together there is also a hidden picture of an eagle, "Like gold to ayery thinnesse beate." The 'ayery' in the quote is shaped to be seen as the word aviary which gives the idea of birds. When the illustration of 'gold' is mentioned before this, the two visual representations are combined to create an image of a golden eagle. The golden eagle is seen as a symbolic figure of strength and importance and within this text the poet is saying that the eagle is watching over them and protecting their love. The poem also brings up the subject of "Moving of th'earth brings harmes and feares," this is when the world was debating as to whether the earth was the centre of the universe. This caused a huge uproar in society because it shook peoples' beliefs. It is a sexual image and

African American Literatury Essay

African-American literature can be defined as writings by people of African descent living in the United States of America. The African-American literary tradition began with the oral culture long before any of the materials in it were written on. Throughout their American history, African-Americans have used the oral culture as a natural part of black expressive culture. They are very powerful voices that give fuller meanings to words on a page. The America South is an important landscape in African-American literature. The South was a primary port of entry for slaving vessels. Most black slaves remained in the Southern states. The South was an important place for the African-American literature because the South was served as the site of hope and change for the black slaves but there were also horrors. The majority of African captives entered the New World from the Southern ports and remained in the Southern states. They relied heavily on the African cultural heritage and belief systems familiar to them. During their 300 years of slavery and servitude, black slaves and their descendants developed a complex relationship with the South. Amiri Baraka concluded that the South is a part of the scene of the crime, a land that is about the site of hope and the scene of the crime. For many African Americans, the South serves as the site of hope and change. The South has given birth to many African-American cultural practices, such as literature. This is the spiritual and ancestral home for African Americans and plays a dominant role in African-American literature. Before the American Civil War, African-American literature primarily focused on the issue of slavery, as indicated by the subgenre of slave narratives The most noted authors were all incited and inspired by the goings on in the south. Frederick Douglass was one of the most important African-American authors from the literary landscape in the South. He chronicled his life from bondage to freedom in his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself (1845), which helped the American public to know the truth about the institution of slavery and dismiss the myth that slaves were happy and treated well. He said, the South was not only a notorious site of slavery, it was also a landscape of racial terror and widespread violence. The biggest crime the South ever committed is the institution and perpetuation of slavery. But the Southern landscape is more than just the â€Å"scene of the crime† in African-American literature. It has multiple personalities that demand multiple treatments. Many 20th-century African-American writers, whether born and raised in the South or not, have used the southern landscape in their works to explore the complex relationships African-American communities have with the South. In her poem â€Å"Southern Song,† Margaret Walker (1915 – 1998) sings a praise song to the southern suns and southern land despite the â€Å"mobs† and â€Å"a nightmare full of oil and flame. † Southern Song I want my body bathed again by southern suns, my soul reclaimed again from southern land. I want to rest again in southern fields, in grass and hay and clover bloom; to lay my hand again upon the clay baked by a southern sun, to touch the rain-soaked earth and smell the smell of soil. I want my rest unbroken in the fields of southern earth; freedom to watch the corn wave silver in the sun and mark the splashing of a brook, a pond with ducks and frogs and count the clouds. I want no mobs to wrench me from my southern rest; no forms to take me in the night and burn my shack and make for me a nightmare full of oil and flame. I want my careless song to strike no minor key; no fiend to stand between my body’s soutnern song–the fusion of the South, my body’s song and me. Margaret Walker’s poem characterizes the complex literary representations of the South in a great deal of African-American literature, for the speaker at once basks in the beauty of her homeland (â€Å"I want my body bathed again by southern suns†). Yet at the same time experiences a homecoming complicated by the threat of Southern violence (â€Å"I want no mobs to wrench me from my southern rest†). The theme of the southern home and its layered history is a prevalent one throughout the tradition of African-American literature. In conclusion, 90 percent of African-Americans lived in the South, it is no wonder that this landscape has taken on a great deal of cultural and historical significance. Literature from the South is complex and often absurd, as the region emerges repeatedly as a site of home.

The Study of Modernism and Globalization - 1744 Words

Many authors have tried to understand the world as it is today, through the study of modernity and globalisation. Appadurai, an Indian sociologist, has defined globalisation as â€Å"a new industrial revolution driven by powerful information and communication technologies which has barely begun† (2006:35). Its effects are dramatically different depending on geopolitical situations, peoples and countries. For the wealthiest countries it is a source of an ever increasing profit, whether it is culturally, economically, or financially speaking. On the contrary, for the rest of the world, and interestingly enough the largest part of it, â€Å"it is a source of worry about inclusion, jobs, and deeper marginalisation† (2006:35) and through this feeling of†¦show more content†¦The fact that these points of reference were rattled over a rather short period of time has created doubt where as what constitutes â€Å"us† and â€Å"them† (2006:5). This idea is linked to the notion of anxiety of incompleteness, which, as Appadurai states it, â€Å"has much to do with the strange inner reciprocity of the categories of â€Å"majority† and â€Å"minority† in liberal thought† (2006:8). It is triggered by the imagined obstacles to a nation as a perfect space without the impurity that minorities represent. While acknowledging that this uncertainty and anxiety are not the direct consequences of globalization, Appadurai considers that the absence of defined barriers to the circulation of goods and ideas in our modern era has enabled the rise of such a disturbed vision of a nation by its people. From those theories, Appadurai puts forward the idea of the â€Å"fear of the small numbers†, his main argument after which the book was named. Indeed, the smaller the number, the weaker the minority, and the deeper the anger that is triggered by its capacity of making the majority feel that it is only a majority rather than a national ethnos commonly accepted as such and never disputed (2006:53). The author justifies the fear of the small numbers, that is fear of minorities, by explaining that â€Å"small numbers represent a tiny obstacle between majority and totality or total purity† (2006:53) hence they tend to become the focus of hatred and increasesShow MoreRelatedThe Four Noble Truths Of Buddhism1635 Words   |  7 Pagesfigures, Kaneta Taio and Che-Un Sunim, have worked in Japan and Korea respectively to help relieve the suffering of their people. Moreover, by evaluating the lives of Taio and Che-Un, we are able to identify limitations in the definitions of Buddhist modernism outlined by authors we have studied in class such as David McMahan and Anne Blackburn. 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